Infinite conformal symmetry and emergent chiral fields of topologically nontrivial configurations : From Yang-Mills-Higgs theory to the Skyrme model

Abstract

In this manuscript, we discuss a remarkable phenomenon concerning nonlinear and nonintegrable field theories in (3+1) dimensions, living at finite density and possessing nontrivial topological charges and non-Abelian internal symmetries (both local and global). With suitable types of Ansätze, one can construct infinite-dimensional families of analytic solutions with nonvanishing topological charges (representing the baryonic number) labeled by both two integer numbers and by free scalar fields in (1+1) dimensions. These exact configurations represent (3+1)-dimensional topological solitons hosting (1+1)-dimensional chiral modes localized at the energy density peaks. First, we analyze the Yang-Mills-Higgs model, in which the fields depend on all the space-time coordinates (to keep alive the topological Chern-Simons charge), but in such a way to reduce the equations system to the field equations of two-dimensional free massless chiral scalar fields. Then, we move to the nonlinear sigma model, showing that a suitable Ansatz reduces the field equations to the one of a two-dimensional free massless scalar field. Then, we discuss the Skyrme model concluding that the inclusion of the Skyrme term gives rise to a chiral two-dimensional free massless scalar field (instead of a free massless field in two dimensions as in the nonlinear sigma model) describing analytically spatially modulated hadronic layers and tubes. The comparison of the present approach both with the instanton-dyon liquid approach and with lattice QCD is shortly outlined.