Efficacy of platelet-rich-fibrin for the treatment of alveolar osteitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: This systematic review aims to provide an updated summary of the available evidence on the role of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in the treatment of alveolar osteitis. Material and Methods: Searches were conducted in several electronic databases, including PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) LILACS and ClinicalTrials.gov. No date or language restrictions were applied. Two reviewers independently evaluated eligible studies according to predefined criteria and extracted data using a standardized form. Meta-analyses were performed to estimate results and the certainty of evidence, using the GRADE approach, was assessed. Results: The search strategy yielded 1.706 references. Finally, 4 randomized trials were included and assessed quantitatively. Overall, the risk of bias was low for 75% of the domains reviewed across studies. The studies included a total of 179 patients, where the intervention group received PRF, and the control group received several treatment alternatives, including iodoform gauze, zinc oxide eugenol, and saline solution. Results showed that the use of PRF may decrease pain severity measured on day 3 (MD-1.66, CI 95%,-4.11 to 0.78) and on day 7 (MD-1.57, CI 95%,-4.00 to 0.88), and improves alveolar socket healing (SMD 2.25; 95% CI 1.70 to 2.80; p<0.00001; I2=12%). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that PRF improves alveolar healing, reduces analgesic use in patients, and likely increases overall clinical efficacy, making it a valuable alternative in the treatment of alveolar osteitis. Despite these findings, this review also showed a great degree of uncertainty on the impact of PRF on pain severity associated with alveolar osteitis. Although these results are promising, further randomized clinical trials with standardized methodologies must be performed to validate these findings.